ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of living in Saudi Arabia on expatriate employees and their families' behavioural cardiovascular risk factors [BCVRFs], and to examine the association between changes in BCVRFs and metabolic syndrome [MetS]. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1437 individuals, aged = 18 years, from King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We used the World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire to ask every participant questions about BCVRFs twice: [1] to reflect their period of living in Saudi Arabia and [2] to shed light upon life in their country of origin. Their mean age was 40.9 [11.7] years. The prevalence of BCVRFs was as follows: tobacco use in 156 [11%], physical inactivity in 1049 [73%] low intake of fruit and vegetables in 1264 [88%] and MetS in 378 [26%]. Residing in Saudi Arabia had reduced physical activity and intake of fruit and vegetables. There was also a significant increase in the fast food consumption. In conclusion, living in Saudi Arabia had a significant negative effect on BCVRFs. However, there was no statistically significant association between changes in fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity and MetS status, except that intake of fast food was lower among participants with MetS
ABSTRACT
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study without a control group. The study population included all children aged 5 to 12 years old affected with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders in Tehran, Iran who were referred to psychiatric clinics and given the diagnosis. The sample included 12 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were selected based on their availability [non-random sampling]. They received 30 sessions of neurofeedback treatment, 2 times per week. Before and after neurofeedback training, the children were evaluated and compared with the use of cognitive assessment system test. Data were analyzed using dependent T-test
Results: The total mean score for pretest was 88.81 while the total mean score for the post test was 82.23. The mean in pretest for attention hyperactivity disorder was higher than the mean in the post test. Moreover, The difference of pretest and post test scores of children affected with learning disorder associated with ADHD was calculated that showed significant [P=0.003]
Conclusion: Neurofeedback is effective in the improvement of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder